3.68 / 5
participants felt moderately present in the virtual hospital room
Exact: 3.68
Participants reported a mean sense of presence of 3.68 out of 5 in the VR hospital room environments
Presence scores gauge whether VR scenarios are perceived as sufficiently realistic to elicit genuine responses. A mean of 3.68 out of 5 suggests the photorealistic, 360-degree VR hospital rooms achieved a moderate-to-good level of immersion, supporting the ecological validity of the restorative evaluations collected during the study.
Following evaluation of the hospital rooms, a measurement of sense of presence in virtual reality captured the extent to which participants perceived they felt present in the virtual reality environment on a scale of 1–5, with 0 being not at all and 5 being very strong, which helped gauge whether the scenarioseffectively simulated a real-life hospital room ( M = 3.68).
Related findings
82.0%
high perceived impact of environmental design on children's behavioral and academic outcomes
Inclusive architectural design is perceived to strongly support behavioral and academic outcomes for children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Heba M. Abdou et al., 2026, Architecture
20%+
more than one in five office workers dissatisfied regardless of WELL certification
Over 1 in 5 office workers dissatisfied with their physical environment regardless of certification
Samin Marzban et al., 2023, Building and Environment
number of perceived sensory dimensions did not predict psychological restoration
Number of highly perceived sensory dimensions did not significantly correlate with psychological restoration
Ling Qiu et al., 2021, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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