Urban

nature-based interventions lower heart rate

Exact: SMD = -0.70

Nature-based interventions significantly reduce heart rate

The physiological benefit of nature-based interventions was reflected in a meaningful reduction in heart rate (SMD = -0.70; 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.23). This supports the idea that natural environments promote physiological stress recovery, consistent with attention restoration and stress recovery theories.

heart rate (SMD = -0.70; 95% CI, -1.17 to -0.23)
Esmaeel Saeedy Robat et al., 2026, Nature Human Behaviour

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