large pre-to-post increase in feeling connected to nature after virtual nature exposure
Exact: η p 2 =0.48
Virtual nature exposure significantly increased nature connectedness with a large effect size
Both immersive (360° video via HMD) and non-immersive (tablet) virtual nature conditions led to significant increases in participants' self-reported nature connectedness (measured with the state Connectedness to Nature Scale). The effect size (η p²=0.48) is considered large, indicating that the virtual nature exposure accounted for nearly half the variance in connectedness scores.
A mixed ANOVA showed statistically significant pre- to postexposure assessment increases in nature connectedness ( F 1,36 =33.49; P <.001; η p 2 =0.48)
Related findings
30%
minimum greenery share for a favourable streetscape impression
Most people have a favourable impression of the streetscape when more than 30% of the view consists of greenery
Alenka Fikfak et al., 2024, Urban Science
physiological and psychological responses measured during urban walks
Psychophysiological responses of 29 subjects were analyzed in relation to urban street scene configuration and color
Chiara Maninetti et al., 2026, Frontiers in Psychology
18–24 min
each in-depth interview with nature hikers lasted 18 to 24 minutes
Semi-structured interviews with serious leisure hikers lasted between 18 and 24 minutes each
Raşit Karaca et al., 2026, The Online Journal of Recreation and Sport
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