45%
urban ecosystems dominate NbS-health research settings
Urban ecosystems were the most frequently examined setting, featuring in 45% of included studies
Urban ecosystems (45%) and forest ecosystems (17%) were the two most studied settings in this review, indicating that research on NbS and health is disproportionately centred on urban environments relative to other ecosystem types.
A total of 115 studies met the inclusion criteria and were concentrated in the United Kingdom (38%) and Spain (17%), with urban (45%) and forest (17%) ecosystems most frequently examined.
Related findings
1.52×
Less greenspace linked to higher odds of cases accepted for child protective services
Census blocks with <10% greenspace had 1.52× the odds of a case being accepted for CPS services compared to blocks with >30% greenspace
Yuan He et al., 2024, Child Abuse & Neglect
1.52×
Less greenspace linked to higher odds of substantiated child maltreatment reports
Census blocks with <10% greenspace had 1.52× the odds of a substantiated CPS report compared to blocks with >30% greenspace
Yuan He et al., 2024, Child Abuse & Neglect
16.1%
nature exposure around schools offers the highest financial return of all interventions tested
Nature exposure achieved the highest return on investment at 16.1% with a 6.2-year payback period
Yingjie Li et al., 2026, SSRN Electronic Journal
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