RR 1.01
no link between road traffic noise and breast cancer incidence
Road traffic noise is not associated with breast cancer incidence (RR 1.01)
This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled epidemiological evidence from over ten million participants, predominantly from Europe. The random-effects pooled relative risk for breast cancer incidence with road traffic noise exposure was 1.01 (95% CI 0.99–1.03), indicating a null association. The certainty of this evidence was rated very low due to methodological heterogeneity, high risk of bias (especially in exposure assessment and confounding control), and a limited number of studies.
The pooled random-effects estimates indicated null association between road traffic noise and breast cancer incidence (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.03) or mortality (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.86-1.10), nor with colon cancer subtypes.
Related findings
g = -0.26
portable digital nature reduces depression
Portable Digital Nature Experience significantly reduces depression
Yuhan Zhou et al., 2026, Clinical Psychology Review
g = -0.67
portable digital nature reduces anxiety
Portable Digital Nature Experience significantly reduces anxiety
Yuhan Zhou et al., 2026, Clinical Psychology Review
g = -0.51
portable digital nature reduces stress
Portable Digital Nature Experience significantly reduces stress
Yuhan Zhou et al., 2026, Clinical Psychology Review
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